How to take a picture of a black hole (2024)

IT LOOKS LIKE a misshapen, golden doughnut. But the image above, released by astronomers on May 12th, is an important one. It is the first picture of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the huge black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, the galaxy that contains Earth’s solar system. It is only the second image of a black hole ever taken, and the data analysis necessary to assemble it took more than 300 researchers over five years. How did they take a picture of a black hole?

Technically speaking, they did not. Black holes themselves cannot be seen: their gravitational fields are so strong that nothing can escape them—including light. That is why their edges are called event horizons, because, much like with normal horizons, seeing beyond them is impossible. But it is possible to see the gas which surrounds the hole, which is attracted by its mass and heated by its gravitational pull. Even that is easier said than done, as from Earth they appear rather tiny. The first picture of a black hole was completed in 2019. M87*, 55m light years from Earth in the Messier 87 galaxy, has a mass 6.6bn times greater than the Sun’s—but from Earth, it appears the same size as a coin on the surface of the Moon. Sgr A* is nearer—just 27,000 light years away—but much smaller. From Earth it looks like a doughnut on the Moon.

Given those tiny sizes, telescopes with gigantic apertures are needed. And so astronomers built the Event Horizon Telescope, which has an aperture the size of Earth. It achieved this by combining the images from eight different telescopes, in a technique called “very-long-baseline interferometry”. The telescopes, located as far afield as Hawaii and the South Pole, synchronise their readings with atomic clocks, and collect a vast amount of data: over a one week period in April 2017 they churned out five petabytes worth, enough to fill around 20,000 laptops. The hard drives were then shipped to two supercomputers at the Massachusetts Institute for Technology in America and the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Germany. (Uploading the data via the internet would have taken a very long time.) The supercomputers then set about analysing the information, and assembling the many images from around the world into one comprehensive image.

For M87*, that was not too tricky: it took “just” two years. Things were harder with Sgr A*. Because it is smaller, its surrounding gases take much less time to orbit than those around M87* do—a matter of minutes, rather than weeks. So whereas the gases of M87* remained relatively static while being observed, around Sgr A* they were constantly moving. Capturing them, said Chi-kwan Chan of the University of Arizona, was “a bit like trying to take a clear picture of a puppy quickly chasing its tail”.

Researchers persevered, developing new computational techniques that averaged thousands of images to produce the picture above. And they have ambitious plans for the future. Since the observations in 2017, EHT has added three new telescopes to its network. In March 2022, the new and improved telescope took more pictures. It will take a while before the results are ready, but they will be worth the wait: having taken pictures, researchers are now promising to share videos of black holes.

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How to take a picture of a black hole (2024)

FAQs

How can you take a picture of a black hole? ›

To see details in objects that are far away and appear small and dim from Earth, we need to gather as much light as possible with very high resolution, so we need to use a telescope with a large aperture. That's why the VLBI technique was essential to capturing the black hole image.

What is black hole question answer? ›

A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space.

What is the method to image black holes? ›

To capture its image, incredibly high resolution is needed. As explained in the fifth post of this blog series, the key is to use Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), a technique that combines the observing power of and the data from telescopes around the world to create a virtual giant radio telescope.

How were we able to capture a photograph of a black hole? ›

It was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope, an array which linked together eight existing radio observatories across the planet to form a single “Earth-sized” virtual telescope. Although we cannot see the event horizon itself, we can see light bent by the powerful gravity of the black hole.

Is there a real photo of a black hole? ›

The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, called EHT, is a global network of telescopes that captured the first photograph of a black hole.

Is the picture of the black hole real? ›

The newly released image of the supermassive black hole at the heart of the galaxy Messier 87 (M87) was captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) on April 21, 2018, a year and 10 days after it was first pictured.

Is the black hole evil? ›

We are in absolutely no danger from black holes. They're a bit like tigers – it's a bad idea to stick your head in their mouth, but you're probably not going to meet one on your way to the shops. Unlike tigers, black holes don't hunt. They're not roaming around space eating stars and planets.

Are white holes real? ›

White holes are the opposite of black holes, in that they spit out light and matter, rather than trapping it. So far, white holes are purely hypothetical objects, but astronomers are contemplating how they could form in reality.

Why is 4 called black hole? ›

The word four is behaving just like black hole. Both are showing same properties, i.e. absorbing/ attracting properties. Nothing can escape from four just like the black hole. In our whole universe nothing is present, which is going inside black hole and affect the (state/character/properties etc.)

Is a black hole 2D or 3D? ›

A black hole is actually a four-dimensional object. A black hole extends across all four physical dimensions of the universe. The four dimensions that form the background framework of the universe consist of three spatial dimensions and one time dimension.

What color are black holes? ›

A black hole has no colour of course. But what astronomers can see is the material pouring into it that becomes superheated gas. This gas is thought to change colour as it gets closer to the black hole.

Does black hole have an end? ›

So, to put it simply, black holes do die, but very slowly and in a very strange way. They die by emitting Hawking radiation, which is a quantum phenomenon that occurs near the event horizon of a black hole. Hawking radiation causes the black hole to lose mass and energy, and eventually explode in a final burst.

What is inside a blackhole? ›

Black holes have two parts. There is the event horizon, which you can think of as the surface, though it's simply the point where the gravity gets too strong for anything to escape. And then, at the center, is the singularity. That's the word we use to describe a point that is infinitely small and infinitely dense.

Why is the black hole photo blurry? ›

Because we're missing much of the signal, “instead of seeing a crystal clear photo, you see something that's a little foggy … a little blurred.” The image helps reveal more about the black hole's event horizon — the closest point to which anything can approach the black hole without being sucked in.

Has NASA photographed a black hole? ›

This is the first picture of a black hole. Using the Event Horizon Telescope, scientists obtained an image of the black hole at the center of the galaxy M87. (There is a supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy — the Milky Way.)

Why is it hard to take photos of black holes? ›

Black holes themselves cannot be seen: their gravitational fields are so strong that nothing can escape them—including light.

Can you put a camera in a black hole? ›

Why, we can't even take photographs of anything that takes place inside a black hole — if light cannot escape their immense gravity, then nothing can be snapped by a camera.

Can you view a black hole? ›

Scientists can't see black holes the way they can see stars and other objects in space. Instead, astronomers must rely on detecting the radiation black holes emit as dust and gas are drawn into the dense creatures.

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