Where Did All The Money Printed Through QE Go? (2024)

Here are Part 1 and Part 2 of my Primer on QE.

One question we all might have is that if the Fed printed all this money, where’s my share? The stimulus checks were nice, but that’s fiscal stimulus, so that’s different. Since 2008 (and especially since March 2020), the Fed has supposedly printed trillions of dollars via QE (Quantitative Easing), so where did it all go, and why is it not being spent?

The answer lies in the way QE works, quoting one of my previous posts on QE:

“Here’s what happens. When the Fed wants to buy say $20 billion in mortgage bonds from a bank, all it does is record a liability of $20 billion, adds $20 billion in electronic dollars to the bank’s reserve account (All banks have a reserve account at the Fed. They must have at least the minimum required amount in this reserve account to ensure that they can meet the demands of depositors. Excesses above the minimum can be used to make loans.), and takes ownership of the mortgage bonds (as an asset on its balance sheet). Literally all it takes is a few keystrokes and maybe a telephone call or two.

I call it magic money because there’s nobody on the other side of the financing part of the transaction. Normally when a company wants to buy say a factory with money it doesn’t have, it needs to first find a bank willing to lend it that money. Here, the Fed doesn’t have to worry about where to get the money, it just creates it (hence the printer analogy) and buys the assets.

Once the transaction is completed, the bank suddenly has $20 billion more in reserves that it didn’t have a day ago — reserves (a.k.a. money) that it can now lend if it chooses to.”

So when it prints money, sadly the Fed is not just handing it out to you and me. Rather, it is taking bonds and other fixed income assets out of the market (which lowers borrowing rates) and swapping them for bank reserves. In other words, the banks have all that “printed money”.

That’s an important point — that the composition of privately held financial assets is being changed by QE. But the quantity of say bonds plus money more or less remains the same (technically, post QE it will be more because by buying…

Where Did All The Money Printed Through QE Go? (2024)

FAQs

Where Did All The Money Printed Through QE Go? ›

All The QE Money Is Held By The Banks

Where does the money go from quantitative easing? ›

Understanding Quantitative Easing

To execute quantitative easing, central banks buy government bonds and other securities, injecting bank reserves into the economy. Increasing the supply of money provides liquidity to the banking system and lowers interest rates further. This allows banks to lend with easier terms.

Where do the money the Fed prints go? ›

Printing money is the job of the Federal Reserve, but only figuratively speaking. When the Fed decides to stimulate the economy by pouring more money into the system, it electronically transfers additional credits to the deposits of its member banks.

Where does the money go after it is printed? ›

If the banknotes are not genuine, Federal Reserve Banks send them to the U.S. Secret Service. If they are genuine and still in good condition, the notes are sent to depository institutions to fill new orders for currency.

Was QE a mistake? ›

There's no convincing evidence that central banks' purchases of trillions of dollars of bonds and other financial assets helped any economy. The great quantitative easing experiment was a mistake.

Who benefits from quantitative easing? ›

Through QE, the Fed has reassured markets and the broader economy. Businesses and consumers may be more likely to borrow money, invest in the stock market, hire more employees and spend more money—all of which helps to stimulate the economy.

Why did QE not cause inflation? ›

When banks seek to increase their capital and borrowers strive to pay down their debts, QE does not increase the money supply and therefore does not cause inflation.

Where does all the money go? ›

In 2023, major entitlement programs—Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, Obamacare, and other health care programs—consumed 50 percent of all federal spending. Soon, this spending will be larger than the portion of spending for all other priorities (such as national defense) combined.

How much is a stack of 5 dollar bills? ›

Anyways to answer your question, there are a hundred bills in a strap of 5's. Usually it's a red strap, which will read right on it $500.. Usually a stack of banknotes consist of 100 sheets of that same denomination so 100 sheets of 5 dollar bills or notes is 500 dollars in a bank strap.

Who gets money when it is printed? ›

The new cash is bought by wholesale distributors who supply to commercial banks, which stock some of it in ATMs all across the country. Most of the money we print is to replace old, worn-out banknotes.

What is really causing inflation? ›

Inflation may occur due to increases in production costs associated with raw materials or labor. Higher demand can also lead to inflation. Certain fiscal and monetary policies such as tax cuts or lower interest rates are also potential drivers.

Who invented QE? ›

History. Quantitative Easing was proposed in a 1995 article in the Nikkei financial newspaper by Richard Werner, a German economist. The Bank of Japan introduced QE from March 19, 2001, until March 2006, after having introduced negative interest rates in 1999.

How many times has the Fed used QE? ›

The U.S. has implemented quantitative easing four times. The first was in November 2008 in response to the global financial crisis. The previous quantitative easing programs have similarities, but the type of securities and duration of the programs have varied.

Does quantitative easing make the rich richer? ›

These findings suggest evidence broadly supports the claim that QE has disproportionately benefited the wealthy and exacerbated wealth inequalities. However, it may only be a small net impact as there are effects in both directions.

Does Fed print money quantitative easing? ›

The job of actually printing bills belongs to the Treasury Department's Bureau of Engraving and Printing based on how many bills the Fed determines should be issued each year. Quantitative easing, an asset-purchase program, is one way the Fed increases the money supply in times of financial crisis.

Is quantitative easing bad for the economy? ›

However, there are downsides. Low interest rates can encourage companies to invest and spend more, causing price rises and eventual inflation. In order to counter these effects, central banks may reduce the money supply through quantitative tightening. QE impacts the stock market as well as the bond market.

Does quantitative easing create debt? ›

No. The national debt increases only when government expenses exceed government revenues and the government has to borrow to make up the difference, typically by issuing debt instruments such as bonds. Quantitative easing is the central bank purchasing government debt instruments on the open market.

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