Why Do Women Have Periods? (2024)

A period (menstruation) is normal vagin*l bleeding that is a natural part of a healthy monthly cycle for a person with a uterus and ovaries.

Every month, in the years between puberty (typically age 11 to 14) and menopause (typically about age 51), your body readies itself for pregnancy. The lining of your uterus thickens and an egg grows and is released from one of your ovaries.

If pregnancy doesn’t occur, estrogen and progesterone levels fall, eventually hitting a level that tells your body to begin menstruation. During your period, the uterus sheds its lining and it’s passed, along with some blood, out of the body through the vagin*.

The average person who menstruates loses about 2 to 3 tablespoons of blood during their period.

The time between periods (last day to first day) typically averages 28 days, with bleeding typically lasting around 4 to 5 days. However, people can experience longer time between periods, and fewer or more days of bleeding, and still have totally “regular” periods.

As a woman, your period is your body’s way of releasing tissue that it no longer needs. Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy.

The lining of your uterus gets thicker as preparation for nurturing a fertilized egg. An egg is released and is ready to be fertilized and settle in the lining of your uterus.

If the egg is not fertilized, your body no longer needs the thicker lining of the uterus, so it starts to break down and is eventually expelled, along with some blood, from your vagin*. This is your period, and once it’s over, the process starts all over again.

The way that women experience their periods varies widely. It’s important that you communicate with your healthcare provider if you have concerns about:

  • Cycle regularity. Is it regular each month? Irregular? Absent?
  • Duration of period. Is it prolonged? Typical? Shortened?
  • Volume of menstrual flow. Is it heavy? Typical? Light?

No method guarantees no periods, but, according to a 2014 article in the International Journal of Women’s Health, you can suppress your cycle with various types of birth control such as:

  • Birth control pills. If you take daily birth control pills, after a year you’ll have about a 70 percent chance of suppressing your cycle.
  • Hormone shot. A hormone shot can affect your fertility for up to 22 months. After a year, you’ll have about a 50 to 60 percent chance of suppressing your cycle; about 70 percent after 2 years.
  • Hormonal IUD. One year with a hormonal IUD (intrauterine device) gives you about a 50 percent chance of suppressing your cycle.
  • Arm implant. With a birth control implant inserted in the upper arm, your chance of suppressing your cycle is about 20 percent after 2 years.

For a woman to have regular periods, the following need to be functioning properly:

Your period is a natural occurrence. It’s part of your body’s preparation for pregnancy. Every month that you don’t become pregnant, your body expels tissue that it no longer needs to nourish a fertilized egg.

If you experience inconsistencies such as a change in your menstrual regularity, frequency, duration, or volume, talk with your doctor or gynecologist.

Why Do Women Have Periods? (2024)

FAQs

Why Do Women Have Periods? ›

The ovaries release the female hormones estrogen and progesterone . These hormones cause the lining of the uterus (or womb) to build up. The built-up lining is ready for a fertilized egg to attach to and start developing. If there is no fertilized egg, the lining breaks down and bleeds.

What is the purpose of a woman's period? ›

Menstruation, or period, is normal vagin*l bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle. Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus, or womb, sheds its lining. The menstrual blood is partly blood and partly tissue from inside the uterus.

Why do females get their period? ›

Once the egg leaves your ovary, it travels through one of your fallopian tubes toward your uterus. If pregnancy doesn't happen, your body doesn't need the thick lining in your uterus. Your lining breaks down, and the blood, nutrients, and tissue flow out of your body through your vagin*. Voilà, it's your period!

Why do humans need periods? ›

Historically, the evolutionary origins of menstruation have been based on two theories: the ability to eliminate infectious agents carried to the uterus with spermatozoa and the comparative conservation of energy with menstruation compared to its absence.

Why is a woman's period necessary? ›

The whole purpose of your menstrual cycle is to prepare your uterus for pregnancy each time you ovulate. If you don't want to become pregnant, there's absolutely no health reason you need to have a menstrual period. Moreover, as you approach menopause, your periods can start to be more irregular and unpredictable.

Which age periods will stop? ›

In your 40s, your menstrual periods may become longer or shorter, heavier or lighter, and more or less frequent, until eventually — on average, by age 51 — your ovaries stop releasing eggs, and you have no more periods.

What do guys get instead of periods? ›

Men do actually have a hormonal cycle but there are big differences from yours. A man's cycle is shorter and less intense, but they can actually experience symptoms that can mess with them too. In fact, there is even a male version of PMS called IMS (or, Irritable Man Syndrome).

Why do periods hurt? ›

During your menstrual period, your uterus contracts to help expel its lining. Hormonelike substances (prostaglandins) involved in pain and inflammation trigger the uterine muscle contractions. Higher levels of prostaglandins are associated with more-severe menstrual cramps.

What is a period for boys? ›

Cisgender men don't have menstrual periods, but testosterone levels vary from day to day, which may cause some mental and physical effects. Like women, men experience hormonal shifts and changes. Every day, a man's testosterone levels rise in the morning and fall in the evening.

What is period blood made of? ›

Menstrual blood is a complex biological fluid composed of blood, vagin*l secretions, and the endometrial cells of the uterine wall as they exist immediately prior to menses. These cells are the end product of a dynamic cyclical process focused on pregnancy and reproduction.

What does the Bible say about periods? ›

In the third book of the Pentateuch or Torah and particularly in the Code of legal purity (or Provisions for clean and unclean) of the Mosaic Law (Leviticus 11:1-15:33), it is stated that a woman undergoing menstruation is perceived as unclean for seven days and whoever touches her shall be unclean until evening (see ...

How do guys feel when their girlfriend is on her period? ›

Women and/or men may be less interested in having sex when the woman has her period. For women, this is usually due to unpleasant symptoms that are common before and during her period that can affect her libido. And some men may be turned off by the sight or smell of period blood.

What should a guy do when a girl is on her period? ›

To help your partner feel better about their body, you can try some of the tips below.
  • Make them a herbal tea when they have cramps. ...
  • Run a bath or heat a hot water bottle. ...
  • Give them a massage. ...
  • Make a warm, cozy meal. ...
  • Go take a walk. ...
  • Wash their period underwear or pads. ...
  • Give them an org*sm.
Jan 27, 2023

What happens if a girl never gets her period? ›

Usually if periods never start, girls do not go through puberty, and thus secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts and pubic hair, do not develop normally. If women have been having menstrual periods, which then stop, they may have secondary amenorrhea. Secondary amenorrhea is much more common than primary.

Can a man sense when a woman is on her period? ›

A recent study in the journal Ethology reveals that men can detect from a woman's voice whether she is menstruating. Psychologists Nathan Pipitone from Adams State College and Gordon Gallup from SUNY Albany recorded 10 women counting from one to five, at four different points in their menstrual cycles.

What are periods used for? ›

A period ( . ) is a form of punctuation used to end a declarative sentence. Periods are frequently, but not always used, after initials and with two-letter abbreviations (U.S.).

What would happen if a woman never got her period? ›

These include: Infertility and problems with pregnancy. If you don't ovulate and don't have menstrual periods, you can't become pregnant. When hormone imbalance is the cause of amenorrhea, this can also cause miscarriage or other problems with pregnancy.

What is the use of period blood? ›

Scientists are now demonstrating that they can use menstrual blood to monitor health conditions like diabetes and thyroid disease as well as to help diagnose disorders such as endometriosis, recurrent miscarriage, and cancer.

What is the biblical reason for periods? ›

Scripture implicitly points to the fact that menstruation is as a result of original sin (just as the pain that comes with childbirth). It is a sign of humanity's fallen nature.

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