Thorfinn Karlsefni | Viking leader, Greenland colonist (2024)

Born:
980, Iceland
Died:
after 1007

Thorfinn Karlsefni (born 980, Iceland—died after 1007) Icelandic-born Scandinavian leader of an early colonizing expedition to North America. His travels were recounted in the Saga of Erik and the Tale of the Greenlanders.

Thorfinn must have been given his nickname, Karlsefni, at an early age, since it means “promising boy.” About 900 his grandfather had led many Norwegians to colonize Iceland, and by 986 their descendants felt so hard-pressed for stock-farming land there that they followed the lead of Erik the Red and migrated to Greenland. Thorfinn, who was a successful trader and sea captain, reached what was known as the eastern settlement of Greenland with a group of colonists in 1003. There he married Gudrid, who was the widow of one of Erik the Red’s sons, Thorstein.

Thorfinn Karlsefni | Viking leader, Greenland colonist (1)

More From Britannica

Did the Vikings Discover America?

Thorfinn and Gudrid were persuaded by Erik to lead an expedition to Vinland (believed to be in the area of present-day Labrador, Nova Scotia, or New England), which had been discovered three years earlier by another of Erik’s sons, Leif Eriksson. About 1004 the couple set out with about 130 people in three ships and sailed westward, possibly making their first landfall on the North American continent at Baffin Island. They followed the coastline southward until they reached a heavily wooded region, perhaps some part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence shore, and settled there to engage in haymaking, hunting, and fishing. Thorfinn’s and Gudrid’s son, Snorri, born in Vinland about 1005, was the first European born in North America (excluding North America-associated Greenland).

That first winter the Scandinavian colonists met no people, but the next summer they were visited by friendly indigenous people who were probably Eskimo. The next summer they were visited by more numerous and less friendly indigenous people, and fighting ensued, which the Scandanavians won but at the cost of some lives. Three years after the landing, Thorfinn and the rest of the colonists abandoned Vinland and returned to Greenland. Later they returned to Iceland.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Jeff Wallenfeldt.

Thorfinn Karlsefni | Viking leader, Greenland colonist (2024)

FAQs

Thorfinn Karlsefni | Viking leader, Greenland colonist? ›

Thorfinn Karlsefni (born 980, Iceland—died after 1007) was an Icelandic-born Scandinavian leader of an early colonizing expedition to North America. His travels were recounted in the Saga of Erik and the Tale of the Greenlanders.

Who is Thorfinn Karlsefni and why was he important? ›

Thorfinn Karlsefni Thórdarson was an Icelandic explorer. Around the year 1010, he followed Leif Eriksson's route to Vinland in a short-lived attempt to establish a permanent settlement there with his wife Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir and their followers.

What is Thorfinn famous for? ›

Thorfinn Karlsefni (Old Norse Þórfinnr Karlsefni), explorer and trader (born c. 980–95 CE in Iceland; year of death unknown). Born Thorfinn Thordarson, this Icelandic aristocrat and wealthy merchant ship owner led one of the Norse expeditions to Vinland, located in what is now Atlantic Canada.

Is Thorfinn based on a real person? ›

Thorfinn is loosely based on the historical personage of early Vinland explorer Thorfinn Karlsefni. The story of the real Thorfinn attracted Yukimura when he was reading a book. There is little information about the real Thorfinn, which gave Yukimura more freedom in developing the fictional character.

Is Vinland actually Greenland? ›

The Vinland Sagas. The Icelandic literature tells of the Norse settlements in Greenland and Vinland. Vinland is now considered to have been the north cape of the Newfoundland at what is now called L'Anse aux Meadow.

Why did Thorfinn's colony fail? ›

A colony of only 500 or so people simply did not have the manpower to settle and maintain a splinter colony so far from home. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Thorfinn Karlsefni".

What happened to Thorfinn in history? ›

Historically, the real Thorfinn Karlsefni's attempt and colonising Vinland failed and he died around the age of 27.

Is Thorfinn good or bad? ›

Thorfinn may have reformed in season two, but it isn't easy to forget all the people that he killed during his time as Askeladd's henchman. Originally, Thorfinn was a kind boy who adored his father and wanted to be like him. When Askeladd killed Thors, Thorfinn couldn't do anything except watch.

How did Thorfinn change so much? ›

Askeladd's sacrifice and the loss of his revenge goal leaves Thorfinn as a broken man, haunted by nightmares and seeking release from his joyless life. Thorfinn's bond with Einar offers hope for his redemption, leading him to renounce violence and embark on a quest for a peaceful society in Vinland.

Is Thorfinn a hero or villain? ›

Thorfinn Thorsson is the main protagonist of Vinland Saga.

Who is Thorfinn in mythology? ›

Thorfinn (Þorfinnr) is a Scandinavian name, which originally referred to the god Thor and which survived into Christian times. Notable people with the name include: Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson (died c. 963), Earl of Orkney.

How tall is Thorfinn? ›

Vinland Saga Statistics Chart
CharacterAgeHeight
Thorfinn18153 cm
Askeladd44170 cm
Thors39180 cm
Thorkell50230 cm
11 more rows

Why is Thorfinn short? ›

I'm wondering if this is Yukimura hinting that Thorfinn was either malnourished after being sold into slavery, and/or he willingly starved himself for an extended period of time due to the severe depression he had after Askeladd's death. Thus, he stopped growing. His height doesn't seem genetic, after all.

Does Thorfinn live in Iceland or Greenland? ›

Viking historians and archaeologists are split on where the family lived in Iceland. Indeed, as with his early life, very little is written of Thorfinn Karlsefni's later years. The Greenland Sagas say that he bought land at Glaumbaer in the far north of the country and continued trading goods to Norway.

What did Vikings call America? ›

Vinland, the land of wild grapes in North America that was visited and named by Leif Eriksson about the year 1000 ce. Its exact location is not known, but it was probably the area surrounding the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in what is now eastern Canada.

Was Greenland ever green? ›

Greenland Really Was Green

It actually got its name from Erik The Red, an Icelandic murderer who was exiled to the island. He called it “Greenland” in hopes that the name would attract settlers. But according to scientists, Greenland was actually quite green more than 2.5 million years ago.

Why was Vinland so important? ›

These "Vinland sagas" were important narratives to early Western Icelanders because they justified their presence in the West and provided continuity to their story as Icelandic people after moving far away from Iceland (Wolf, 2001).

Was Thorfinn a good person? ›

Thorfinn may have reformed in season two, but it isn't easy to forget all the people that he killed during his time as Askeladd's henchman. Originally, Thorfinn was a kind boy who adored his father and wanted to be like him.

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